Supporting the Development of Marketing Capability of Small Businesses

Question : Portray Audits and Planning Tools for creating Business Capability. Your paper ought to be separated into two sections: 1. The Identification of Critical Success Factors in Marketing. 2. Exhibiting/Evaluation of key analytic review instruments accessible to benchmark advertising ability (these ought to be real reviews/devices that are presently accessible to organizations). Answer : Presentation: In ongoing monetary situation, the degree of rivalry in every single industry is altogether expanding. After globalization, there is expanded interconnectedness and connection between different countries. It prompted increment in worldwide associations and the worldwide markets were additionally made. These days the specialty units not just need to contend with the nearby contenders however they need to rival the worldwide contenders too. Along these lines the organizations need to actualize different methodologies so as to pick up the upper hand in the market. Lately, there has been expanded thought for the business enterprise and innovative advertising. So the principle point of the paper is to distinguish the basic achievement factors in advertising and assessing the key analytic review instruments that are accessible to benchmark the showcasing capacities. Foundation: As of late it is obvious that fruitful innovative promoting inside the independent company necessitates that the judgment and the competency in the piece of the supervisors and the proprietors. In any case, it is expressed that the greater part of the independent ventures have smothering development possibilities as the asset is one of the basic achievement factors. The absence of asset isn't just limited to back yet there is incorporation of human capital accessibility, time and ability in this regard. In different circumstances the supervisors and the proprietors may not impart the unsaid information to others despite the fact that they have it. In this way therefore different independent company units can't underwrite the open doors because of the absence of expected asset or competency. It is acknowledged by the UK government that the SMEs persistently attempt to pick up financing and they target awards for expanding the seriousness. The business capacity can likewise be expanded by the help of the colleges (Chaffey, Ellis-Chadwick and Chaffey, 2012). In this manner it is significant that the competency holes are filled by improving the showcasing competency. Hence the basic achievement factors must be recognized by the SMEs. Basic Success Factors: The basic achievement variables can be alluded as the fundamental component that is required for accomplishing the strategic a venture or the association. So as to guarantee the achievement of an association, it is significant consider the basic achievement factors. Here it tends to be said that so as to help the improvement of the showcasing capacities for the independent venture units the indicative reviews can be utilized for evaluating the basic achievement factors as far as promoting action. The basic achievement factors utilized in showcasing can be examined here (Clow and Baack, 2012). Arranging: Arranging is one of the basic achievement factors in promoting. The showcasing arranging is fundamentally a precise procedure that includes examination of assets and openings in advertising, deciding the targets of promoting, and afterward creating actualizing and controlling the arrangement of advertising. The showcasing plan is one of the basic achievement factors for promoting as it is the primary base for advertising systems and it explains the components of showcasing at the underlying stage (Finne and Grnroos, 2009). A more extensive point of view is drawn with the assistance of the showcasing plan and the arranging helps in changing the thought into a monetarily practical suggestion. In a unique market, it is fundamental and important that some level of arranging is led. Arranging helps in recognizing the wellspring of upper hand, setting the procedures and destinations, obtaining assets and so forth (Kolassa, 2015). The two toolboxs which are showcasing arranging tool stash a nd social promoting tool stash can help in the arranging procedure for advertising. Showcasing Communication: Showcasing correspondence is another basic achievement factor in promoting. Advertising interchanges are essentially the messages that are conveyed inside the market by utilizing the related media by the association. In the showcasing blend, advertising correspondence can be alluded as the advancement part. It is likewise alluded as the methodology that is used by the association for arriving at the market that has been focused through different correspondence types (Keegan, 2012). The promoting correspondence is significant and one of the basic achievement factors as the association speaks with the buyer by utilizing different systems so as to teach them about the adequacy of the item or administrations offered to them by the organization. Powerful utilization of promoting correspondence can fundamentally help in accomplishing the objectives and targets of showcasing. The two toolboxs which are showcasing arranging tool stash and social advertising toolbox can be a powerful proporti on of setting up correspondence with the shoppers. Inner Resources: The inner assets are another basic achievement factors in showcasing. The inward assets are fundamentally the assets that are accessible to an association inside. The inner asset can be physical or it tends to be as far as the capacity of the association. The inward asset may incorporate the administrative capacity of the chiefs for leading and executing the promoting methodology, the accessible budgetary asset to the organization for financing the plans, the abilities of the workers and know-hows and so on (Kotler and Keller, 2012). These are on the whole inner assets of an association and furthermore basic achievement factor for the accomplishment of promoting. The instruments are utilized in the wake of surveying the inner asset of the association. The arranging device surveys the inward assets and afterward actualizes arrangements and the equivalent is done in the event of social promoting. Assessment Management Control System: The assessment and the administration control is another basic achievement factor for an association. So as to comprehend whether the association is working viably or not, it is significant assess the advertising methodologies that are actualized by the association for marking itself in the market and drawing in the clients. There can be different issues that can be looked by the association while actualizing the procedures or the arrangements. In this manner it is critical to execute viable control process for ceaselessly calibrating and altering all together effectively accomplish the objectives and the targets (Kotler and Keller, 2012). In this manner it tends to be said that compelling assessment and control procedure can help in accomplishing the ideal objectives of the organization. The adequacy of the arranging device and the social promoting device relies upon the assessment and the executives control framework. Item Development (Capabilities): Item advancement capacity of an association is another urgent achievement factor for an association. New item improvement can be alluded as procedure of creating and presenting new item in the business. It is one of the open doors for the firm to catch piece of the pie in the business (Marketing-schools.org, 2015). Here it tends to be said that, the improvement of another item can be troublesome particularly for the private company undertakings. The principle explanation behind such trouble is because of the prerequisite of the asset, innovation and aptitude to execute the new thought into the market. It is imperative to dispatch the item utilizing viable showcasing procedure for accomplishing the objectives and goals (Miller, 2002). Client/Needs: The requirements of the clients can be a basic achievement factor also. The clients are the principle wellspring of the interest. That implies after the interest for the item is created, the organizations flexibly the items as indicated by gauge of interest in the market. In this manner the necessities of the clients are another basic achievement factors. The associations can use the requirements and can likewise produce the necessities and request with the assistance of viable publicizing and limited time apparatuses. The clients needs and needs are explored with the assistance of social promoting and advertising arranging apparatus and the different advances are attempted. Methodologies: The methodologies that are executed by an association so as to accomplish the objectives and targets are likewise the basic achievement factors for the organization. It is realized that the procedures are essentially the designs for accomplishing the fundamental targets and objectives of an organization within the sight of vulnerability. The strategies or the subset of aptitudes can be fused in the techniques for accomplishing the objective. In this manner viable advertising techniques are alluded as one of the basic achievement factors (Shankar and Carpenter, 2012). The social showcasing and the advertising arranging instrument actualizes different methodologies for accomplishing the objectives and targets of the association. The Marketing Audit Tools: Showcasing review toolboxs are significant so as to distinguish or benchmark the promoting practices of an association. The advertising review toolboxs are fundamentally intended for giving the necessary instruments and a lot of significant assets that can be utilized for advancing the advantages of the association. Here two advertising review devices can be talked about and looked at. The two advertising toolboxs are Social Marketing Toolkit by FINRA Investor Education Foundation and The Marketing Planning Toolkit for private ventures that are given by the Chartered Institute of Marketing. Toolbox 1: The Marketing Planning Toolkit for Small Businesses: The promoting arranging toolbox that is given by the Chartered Institute of Marketing is one of the demonstrative review apparatuses for independent company units. The toolbox can help in the arranging procedure of advertising for the s

An investigation of the affect of the concentration an of the rate of :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

An examination of the effect of the fixation an of the pace of response. Presentation. We are attempting to discover the effect of corrosive fixation on the rate of response, we are utilizing 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5, 0.25 Molar corrosive. In our analyze, we are responding it with sodium thiosulphate. The impact hypothesis will be engaged with this, for example the more focused the corrosive we use, the quicker the response will happen and the lower the fixation the more slow the response will happen, this is on the grounds that the impact hypothesis says that on the off chance that something is increasingly focused, at that point it will impact more in light of the fact that there will be a greater amount of the substance. We could go through an impetus to speed the response, this permits the particles to move around simpler to assist them with colliding more to speed up the response for example state that individuals are attempting to get over divider it is conceivable yet it will take a moderate procedure and state that we include an impetus, our impetus is a stepping stool this empowers the individuals (atoms) to get over the divider faster and simpler than they regularly would. In this analysis we have to control the measure of corrosive, measure of water, chemicalswater temperature measure of sodium thiosulphate and to all concur when the x is gone on the paper. We need to be protected while doing this by wearing goggles and ensuring that we discard the final product synthetic in an enormous recepticle in the smoke pantry and not down the sink, we additionally need to ensure we don't hang over the tapered carafe when we play out the examination on the grounds that the synthetic exhaust are impactful and are bad to breath in. Technique. We are going to quantify the pace of response by how quick or gradually the blend of synthetic substances and water goes shady by setting a bit of paper with a cross on it underneath the cone shaped jar and all concurring when it has vanished from sight. In this test we should utilize the accompanying: Gear Use Stop clock To time the test Cone shaped jar To gather all the synthetic substances together in Burette To gauge precisely all the compound and water Sodium thiosulphate Substance utilized in this examination Hydrochloric corrosive Substance utilized in this examination, we will utilize 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5 and 0.25 molar qualities Water Utilized in this test, utilized in weakenings Paper Utilized alongside cross of shading to decide when blend is shady enough Measuring glasses Used to hold the synthetic substances and water Weakenings To acquire the various qualities of hydrochloric corrosive we should weaken 2 molar acids and weaken it with water to come to the proper

The American food stamp program should continue and the World Food Term Paper

The American food stamp program should proceed and the World Food Program should keep supporting and financing it - Term Paper Example erly individuals or the disabled.â conversely with different methods tried activities that are explicit to specific gatherings of low-pay families/people, practically all low-pay family units can profit by the program. This paper will endeavor to investigate and uncover the advantages of the program and why it has the right to be subsidized long haul; this while the point will be to safeguard and backing the enthymeme that has been expressed previously. 1.0 Introduction According to Ohls and Beebout (2009), the food stamp program is an activity of the American government that was started in 1989. From that point forward it has become a focal segment of America’s open help framework that serves more than 30 million members of low pay families and has costs of over $25 billion. It is principally intended to offer some type of help to low salary families and low pay family units on the sole premise that they require monetary guide to have dinners and eat independent old enough, race, statement of faith, sex and incapacity (Ohls and Beebout, 2009). It is likewise seen as the foundation of practically all sustenance help programs started by the government, just as being the center line of guard against poor nourishment, hunger and if fundamental, starvation. The program enables s to bring down pay families gain an assortment of food items at retail (Slomba, 2008). It is likewise alluded to (formally) as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and there are two key angles that are analyzed so as to decide one’s qualification. These are resources and pay (Ronald, 2007). The other model applied is the gross pay redline, which is set at a specific level of the neediness level (normally 130%). In 2009, government citizens contributed $56 billion towards the program, multiple occasions the $18... As per the examination discoveries the food stamp program is an activity of the American government that was started in 1989. From that point forward it has become a focal segment of America’s open help framework that serves more than 30 million members of low pay families and has expenses of over $25 billion. It is principally intended to offer some type of help to low pay families and low salary family units on the sole premise that they require money related guide to have suppers and eat independent old enough, race, doctrine, sex and handicap. It is likewise seen as the foundation of practically all sustenance help programs started by the national government, just as being the center line of safeguard against poor nourishment, hunger and if fundamental, starvation. The program enables s to bring down salary families gain an assortment of food items at retail. It is additionally alluded to (formally) as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and there are two key angles that are inspected so as to decide one’s qualification. These are resources and salary. The other measure applied is the gross pay redline, which is set at a specific level of the neediness level (normally 130%). In 2009, government citizens contributed $56 billion towards the program, multiple occasions the $18 billion it cost them in 2000. Additionally in 2009, a family unit of four was ensured a most extreme month to month allowance of $668. At present, the quantity of recipients is very nearly 30 million, denoting a colossal ascent since the 17 million recorded in the year 2000.

Business-to-Business Messages Essay Example for Free

Business-to-Business Messages Essay Correspondence is the procedure; through which sender passes on their messages to collector. The correspondence can be in type of words, signals, voice inflections and different images or signs. The correspondence procedure can't be conceivable with no medium. In the correspondence procedure senders and beneficiaries both are the gatherings in question. Aside from this correspondence procedure additionally needs the innovation, instruments and Channels. All the component of the correspondence procedure ought to be in the correct arrangement for powerful and proper correspondence Process. On the off chance that any piece of correspondence process is misshaped or broken, the sender and collector won't have a typical comprehension of the message (Daft, 2004). The correspondence model remembers some component for this grouping, for example, a domain of correspondence, a sender, message, innovation (Channels), commotions (the mental, social and auxiliary obstructions), a recipient and the input of collector. The correspondence model has the channel through which the message is transmitted. There are two kinds of the channels: verbal and non-verbal. Verbal correspondence alludes to the oral or composed methods transmitting significance through words. Non-verbal correspondence doesnt use words and includes motions. In current time, there are numerous innovative stations for correspondence, for example, electronic mail, intranets, texting, fax, phone and different types of PC intervened correspondence channels (Mcshane, VonGlinow Sharma, 2006). Business to business correspondence process incorporates the correspondence between two business substances, where the one business element play out the job of a sender and other one play out the job of a beneficiary. At the end of the day, Business to Business Communication portrays the correspondence between organizations, for example, between a maker and an entire merchant or between an entire vender and a retailer. All other component of Business to Business correspondence process is reliant on nature and the motivation behind the correspondence. Business to Business correspondence procedure would powerful. In the event that the earth of Business to Business is fitting and propose of correspondence is additionally solid and successful (Guffey Almonte, 2009). Business to Business Messages Business to Business correspondence process is an interior procedure to create relationship with the different business associations, sellers, providers and so forth. In this serious scene, the Business to Business correspondence process is essential for client dependability to secure against the contender, worker inspiration, brand insurance or creation the mindfulness among the client (Business-to-Business Communication, n. d. ). Business to Business Message of William Brother Corporation The William Brother Corporation is an American organization. The organization is known for its quality metal entryways. The organization as of late propelled the new items lightweight gypsum roof get to board, compact fire douser stands, rooftop incubates and floor hatches. The organization speaks with their entire venders and retailer to make the mindfulness about the item highlights, quality and the cost. The organization additionally illuminates about approaches, terms and limited time plans of the new items. Ensuing to the conversation of the companys message now, I will examine the message as follows: Purpose: The reason for this message of the organization is to make the mindfulness about the new propelled results of the organization between the entire venders and retailers. The organization gives the all specialized data about the new item. Sender: Here, the sender is the organization supervisory crew. Recipient: Here, collectors are the entire merchants and retailer of the organization. Condition: the earth of this correspondence procedure is the inside and outer condition. Innovation: In this informing, the innovation utilized is composed correspondence, oral correspondence and web innovation. Commotion: In this message, clamor can be shaped by the traffic of web and other site, which can straightforwardly influence the conveyance of message. Furthermore, as it is a composed and oral message, the commotion components can be absence of trepidation of language and data by the entire merchants and retailers (Mcshane, VonGlinow Sharma, 2006). Criticism: The Feedback of the entire merchants and retailers is that they comprehend about the new item highlights and they concur on the organization arrangements and terms. They will help the organization for advancement of the new propelled item. The strategy for the innovation utilized is the suitable of the organization. The oral and composed correspondence would make the simple comprehension about the item and the web is most ideal approach to pass on the message of the organization. The message ought to the suitable, in light of the fact that the message gives the all data about the item and the organization objective. Business to Business Message of KFC Corporation KFC Corporation situated in Louisville, Kentucky, is the universes most mainstream chicken café network. There are numerous stores of KFC that work on the planet. For dealing with the all stores of organization, the organization speaks with their various stores supervisory group through the informing by the email and web innovation (KFC Corporation, 2010). In this message of the organization, they had imparted, that organization makes the some quality measures and arrangements for their food, which ought to keep up by the all stores of the organization. These approaches and the quality guidelines help to keep up the trust among the clients. Resulting to the conversation of the companys message now I will investigate the message as follows: Purpose: Here, the reason for this message of the organization is to make mindfulness about the strategies and quality norms and ought to keep up these quality standard to the administration of the stores which are arranged in everywhere throughout the world. Sender: The sender is the organization the executives. Recipient: The collector is the stores the executives of the organization. Condition: Here, the earth of this utilized correspondence process is outside condition. Innovation: In message, the innovation utilized is composed correspondence and the web innovation by the organization. Clamor: In the informing, commotion can be shaped as the message disappointment through the web. In the composed message the commotion can be shaped as the absence of misgiving of language by the administration of organization stores (Mcshane, VonGlinow Sharma, 2006). Input: The criticism of the beneficiary is that they will be keep up the quality standard of the food item and embrace the organization approaches. The organization utilized innovation, the composed correspondence and the web innovation to make the mindfulness about their strategies and the quality measures among their stores the executives. This would exceptionally powerful for the organization. Business to Business Message of Honda Motor Company Honda Motor Company is one of the biggest car organizations on the planet. There has the huge product offering of the organization on the planet advertise. Honda Civic vehicle is one of the famous results of the organization. In the as of late there has a specialized issue created in the Honda city vehicles fuel siphon. For the arrangement of this issue the organization takes a few activities. The organization has sent the message to their approved sellers to take care of this issue by moving toward the clients, who has the Honda urban (Honda Motor Corporation, 2010). Ensuing to the conversation of the companys message now we will break down the message as follows: Purpose: Here the reason for the message of organization is to make mindfulness among the vendors about the item issue and to take care of that specialized issue of the clients item. Sender: The Sender is the specialized division of the organization. Beneficiary: The approved vendors of the organization. Condition: Here nature of the correspondence is the outer condition. Innovation: The Company speaks with the composed messages and the web innovation. Clamor: In the informing, commotion can be framed as the message disappointment through web and commotion can shaped as composed message delay. Input: The criticism from the seller was that they will tackle this issue of the item when. The innovation of the message is the acceptable. Both the mode of the message is the effective and reach at the perfect time. Message design is the suitable and effectively justifiable by the vendors.

Learn How to Improve Your Writing Skills With Essay Samples For Placement Test

Learn How to Improve Your Writing Skills With Essay Samples For Placement TestThere are lots of essay samples for placement test. What do you think? They are truly helpful to improve your knowledge.When you have passed your examination, the next step is to be recognized. In today's society it would be extremely hard for you to get a good job if you can't write a good report. With writing a good paper is an art. For the essays, you can use some of the essay samples for placement test available in the market.A number of these essay samples for placement test come in easy to understand format. You can choose to choose the one that fits your level of writing and level of knowledge. If you need help with essay topics and contents, then the essay samples for placement test will be the best option. The examples give you a complete idea about how you can structure a good and well-structured essay. It is the only way to learn how to make an essay that not only reflects your own ideas but also based on facts.There are some areas in the essay that can be of a good idea and these areas are reviewed by the topic. These areas include organization is the most important part of the essay. The order of ideas, the organization of each paragraph, and the description of the subject matter should be reviewed and understood very well.The order of the topic is very important and the writer should always keep in mind that the topics should be in the right sequence. The ideas should be properly thought out and then be expressed through the essay. There is no other way to develop such ideas.If you are afraid that you lack in some areas like organization then you can get some guidance from some of the teaching professionals that have excellent writing skills. You can also get some of the training in how to analyze the data with the help of some software. It will take some time before you can write good essays from scratch.There are different kinds of essays available for the subjects suc h as composition, literature, history, and others. This gives you an opportunity to choose the one that you feel comfortable with. When you apply the essays, they should be written in a proper manner and not just copied from the Internet.Writing about any kind of difficult subject is not an easy task. It requires a lot of practice and perseverance. It is because you need to be able to organize your thoughts to express them clearly and concisely to make a true statement and to convey your opinion to the readers.

Why I Love Being a Physician Assistant

I have worked as a Physician Assistant for about two years now, and I absolutely LOVE what I do. I do not have a shadow of doubt in my mind that this is exactly the right career choice for me. Prior to pursuing this career, I spent years researching exactly what PAs did in the medical field and shadowing PAs in numerous specialties. Although I am still green in my career, I feel that there are a hundred reasons why being a Physician Assistant is the greatest. Below are my top ten reasons to pursue this path to being a competent, well-rounded provider: 1. Element of surprise If I had a dollar for every time someone asked me, So what kind of nurse are you? or When will the actual doctor be in? I would be a VERY rich woman! Depending on your geographical location, PAs are still a fairly new profession, and patients oftentimes do not understand what our clinical role is. I still love the look on patients faces when I tell them that, in fact, I am their provider, and explain the training that I received to get to this point! 2.  Flexibility Although the exact rotations vary from program to program, all PAs receive training in a multitude of medical specialties. When we take our boards, we are tested on every body system. This allows us to work in any specialty upon graduation and the successful completion of our boards. We also have the ability to change specialties at any time during our career, as we receive on-the-job training from our supervising professions. For example, I took my first job with a large cardiology group, and then took a job with an emergency medicine group about a year and a half later. How cool is that?!   3.  Medical model training The courses that PAs take very closely model those that physicians take in medical school. Our rotations are often structured similarly as well. This means our training, differential diagnosis and diagnostic approach are as closely related to the physicians training as they can be without attending medical school. I have found that my supervising physicians value this parallel in our training and clinical approach, which allows for the ultimate trust and communication in a professional partnership. 4. Autonomy While PAs always work in conjunction with a supervising physician, we also have a large amount of autonomy in clinical practice. I am, more times than not, the sole provider for a patient once they hit the doors of the Emergency Department. My job is to interpret a patients vital signs, order and interpret the appropriate diagnostic tests, establish a differential diagnosis and formulate a treatment plan. While there is always a physician on shift that I could consult with questions, I can usually handle the case without having the physician intervene. 5. Debt-to-income-ratio I could sit here and go through an entire paragraph of numbers for you to compare the overall net income of a physician versus a PA when you factor in their debtshowever, THIS  is a great article that I read recently that breaks it down into really detailed, really realistic scenarios. The bottom line is that with net income and debt factored in, PAs are not far behind physicians in terms of hourly wage. Check it out – the numbers speak for themselves! 6. Being part of the solution With all of the recent healthcare reform, there has been a large influx of patients into the healthcare system. Patients who have not seen providers or had access to basic/preventative care are now seeking such from a limited number of providers. Primary care physicians and specialists are struggling to meet this demand, and hiring a PA is a great solution to this need. PAs are used as an extension of the physician, which allows for more patients to be seen and in turn, improves access to care. 7. Job placement See the above. Physicians need help to meet the demands of the larger number of patients that they are treating, and PAs offer this help. Most physicians are eager to hire a PA, as we provide the same quality preventative care, but for much less cost than it would be to hire a physician. Clinical rotations are a great time to network, find what area of medicine interests you, and even job search. Most of my classmates had job offers before we even graduated. Physicians are eager to higher PAs! 8.  Problem solving One of my favorite parts of the job! Being a provider is a bit like being a detective. We gather all of the clues: the history, the exam, the labs and images, etc., and piece everything together to be able to solve the puzzle. At times, it can be challenging, but finding the right answer is always so rewarding. 9.  Medicine is constantly changing There are new studies, diagnostic tests and medications that are coming to market every day. Being a provider demands that you be a lifelong learner, which is something that I love. To maintain my license, I have to acquire so many CME (Continuing Medical Education) credits each year. There is no shortage of ways to earn these, including conferences, podcasts and journal reviews. Many employers will even give allowances for you to be able to pay for your CME! 10. Personal interaction Other than the challenge of solving a medical puzzle, it is the patient-provider interaction that I find to be the most rewarding. At the end of the day, patients want to feel that their voices were heard and that they mattered to someone. It is truly an honor to be able to care for patients in their time of need, to be trusted with their deepest concerns and to be a part of the solution. Stephanie is an Emergency Medicine PA-C who practices in Kentucky. Originally from Michigan, she graduated from Saint Marys College in Notre Dame, IN with a Bachelors degree in Chemistry. She went on to work as a CNA at an assisted living facility and pharmacy technician prior to obtaining her Masters degree in Physician Assistant Studies at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, KY. She has experience in cardiology as well as emergency medicine. She resides with her new husband and dog, and enjoys working on her fashion blog, White Coat Wardrobe, in her spare time. Related Resources: †¢ 5 Tips for Physician Assistant (PA) Program Acceptance †¢Ã‚  Exploring Yale’s Top-Rated Physician Assistance Program †¢ The Passion of a PA

Analysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet By William Shakespeare

In Hamlet by William Shakespeare, human agency is demonstrated by the actions of Polonius and Claudius throughout the play. Human agency is defined as the extent of power to act freely in taking responsibility for one’s actions, and the degree which intervention is possible by one to assert a will. In Hamlet, Claudius exerts his agency on the characters Laertes, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Similarly, Polonius restricts the freedom of his daughter, Ophelia, and constrains her agency as well, accented by the patriarchal society around the characters at this time. Through characterization and an animated setting, human agency in Hamlet entices the reader to question the extent of power that an individual can exert one’s force on a†¦show more content†¦In this way, the two courtiers are nothing more than puppets for Claudius to use. Hamlet recognizes this inability to act as good friends and confronts them in the The Mousetrap scene. He discloses, â€Å"You would play upon me, you would seem to know my stops, you would pluck out the heart of my mystery, you would sound me from my lowest note to the top of my compass.† (3.2) Hamlet is cognisant of the true intentions of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern which are not honest at all, but rather, corrupted. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, at this point in the play, have utterly lost their ties to Hamlet as a friend, and only see him as a puzzle that if deciphered, they can return and be praised by Claudius. According to Prof. McKinney, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are like sponges to be soaked up and drained by Claudius and discarded when they are of no more use. Claudius has manipulated the minds of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern by way of desire for royal appeasement, and corrupts their ability to frankly help their childhood friend, Hamlet. Laertes is also a victim to the controlling power of Claudius. Laertes comes in a rage to the palace seeking revenge for the murder of his father, Polonius. Claudius takes advantage

Examining Adolescent Thought and Actions in the Journal...

Examining Adolescent Thought and Actions in the Journal Entitled Adolescence From peer pressure to alcohol and drug problems adolescents face many difficult decisions in todays world. Adolescent psychologists study these problems and the way that adolescents react to them. The reason why they are studied is so that people can have an insight in to the mind of an adolescent. Many of the psychologists use the knowledge that is gained, from their research, to write research papers and books. Many of these books and research papers are submitted to different psychological journals. These journals are then sent out all over the world to many different universities and libraries to be enjoyed and analyzed by all. The point of this paper†¦show more content†¦If the author is lucky he/she will receive a reply in a couple of weeks requesting that their paper be sent to the journal in order to be printed in an upcoming issue. For a book to be reviewed all that the author has to do is send the book to the journal and hope that it is reviewed and included in an upcoming issue. The name of the article that was chosen is Image Advertisements for Alcohol Products: Is Their Appeal Associated with Adolescents Intention to Consume Alcohol. The authors of this article are Ruth W. Edwards and Kathleen J. Kelly. Ruth Edwards is a research scientist at the Tri-Ethnic Center for Drug Abuse Prevention at Colorado State University. She also has a PhD in psychology. The other author, Kathleen Kelly, is a professor in the college of business at Colorado State University. This article is setup in a research paper format that spans across thirteen pages in the journal. This article is considered to be a research paper because the data and experiments contained within it suggest that it is research data. The basis that the authors had for this article was to determine if image alcohol ads influenced adolescents to drink more than product advertisements. The way that they wanted to accomplish this task was to run experiments to try and see how the advertisem ents affected the choices of the adolescents. The authors found a test group thatShow MoreRelatedParenting Styles And The Parenting Style Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pageshomework. As a result, such helicopter parents do the child’s homework for them. This causes impairment in the child’s emotional regulation, resilience, and social anxiety. In addition this also causes the child to become dependent on others and feel entitled (Locke, Kavanagh, Campbell, 2016; Segrin, Woszidlo, Givertz, Bauer, Taylor Murphy, 2012). Helicopter parenting constrains the child from developing the skills and abilities which are essential to be independent. 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Teaching adolescents about messages in media is different from what scholars have suggested for preventing eating disorders over the last severalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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A Brief History of the Life of Anne Boleyn, An Outline Essay

Anne Boleyn: A Brief History Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the life of Anne Boleyn and the impact she had on the English monarchy. Introduction I. Attention-Getter: I am come hither to accuse no man, nor to speak anything of that, whereof I am accused and condemned to die, but I pray God save the king and send him long to reign over you, for a gentler nor a more merciful prince was there never: and to me he was ever a good, a gentle and sovereign lord. (Anne Boleyn Bio, 2013) II. Credibility Statement: A growing interest in the development of the Tudor family led me to research some information on my own, and when I came across Anne Boleyn’s story I knew that I had to share what I had uncovered. III. Relating†¦show more content†¦(Anne Boleyn Bio, 2013) a. Anne’s refusal confused and surprised Henry, who was not expecting rejection. (Anne Boleyn Bio, 2013) b. In 1527 Henry sought out, and was eventually granted, an annulment from his wife Catherine; by 1528 Anne Boleyn had made her entrance in to English royal society. (Eakins, 1994) Transition: Anne’s joy in making progress towards the throne would be short-lived because death would be the outcome of her reign as Henry’s queen. Main Idea II: In 1532 Anne was officially made the queen when her belly swelled with the life of Henry’s child, but when Elizabeth was born it became Anne’s sole duty, and Henry’s obsession, for her to birth a male heir. (Eakins, 1994) A. It was Anne’s responsibility to have a son, and she took this job very seriously as there were grave consequences if she did not provide Henry with what he desired most. a. By January of 1534 Anne was pregnant again, but she miscarried or birthed a stillborn. (Eakins, 1994) b. In 1536 Anne became pregnant again, with a son, but by the end of January she had miscarried again. (Anne Boleyn Bio, 2013) B. After birthing an unwanted daughter, and suffering through two miscarriages, Anne Boleyn’s life was now at risk because her husband was about to take care of his own legacy. (Anne Boleyn Bio, 2013) a. Henry decided to take a new wife, Jane Seymour, and an annulment was filed against Anne Boleyn. (Anne Boleyn Bio, 2013) b. Divorce was notShow MoreRelatedA World Lit Only by Fire Outline Essay8153 Words   |  33 PagesA World Lit Only by Fire by William Manchester Outline The Medieval Mind I. The Dark Ages A. The Years A.D. 400 to A.D. 1000 1. Referred to as the Dark Ages because knowledge and literacy vanished during this era. 2. Rulers during this age were illiterate and most found it trivial. a. Emperor Sigismund said, â€Å"Ego sum rex Romanus et super grammatica†Ã¢â‚¬â€as king of Rome, he was above grammar. B. Rome’s Fall in the Fifth Century 1. The Hsiung-nu (Huns) ravaged though Europe

George Orwells 1984 Essay - 1690 Words

George Orwells 1984 War is Peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength. These are the beliefs that the citizens of Oceania, in the novel titled 1984, written by George Orwell, live by. In this novel, Oceania, one of the three remaining world super powers, is a totalitarian, a society headed by Big Brother and his regime, known as the ministries of Truth, Love, and Peace. A totalitarian government is defined as a government characterized by a political authority which exercises absolute and centralized control, and in which the state regulates every realm of life. This is the type of world that the citizens of Oceania must live in, ruled by fear and under force every day. The names of the different ministries for example,†¦show more content†¦In no public or private utterance was it ever admitted that the three powers had at any time been grouped along different lines.? Although throughout the story, the conditions of these wars were constantly changing, it made no difference to the masses, and the current ?truth? was all that mattered. ?Oceania was at war with Eurasia: therefore Oceania had always been at war with Eurasia? (Orwell, pg 35). The truth is whatever the government wants it to be, and the people accept it at face value, a concept cleverly worded as ?reality control.? (Orwell, pg. 36) Likewise in today?s society, even though the people live under the rule of a democratic republic in the U.S., a large portion of the news that we receive is distorted and filtered, many times the truth is not what it appears to be. Being a democracy does not stop that from happening. Furthermore, like the citizens of Oceania, we as citizens often accept the information that we receive from the media as absolute truth, not questioning what we hear, even though we have the privilege of doing so. In the totalitarian society of 1984, the government alters history constantly and changes it to fit the predictions and needs of the party, so that they always come out ahead. The Party destroys any evidence that the past has been altered, and asserts absolute correctness and truth. One might argue that it would be impossible to get rid of all past evidence in today?s world, becauseShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwells 19841168 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell author of 1984 recently made it on Amazon’s list of â€Å"100 books to read before you die† for his widely read novel with thought provoking subjects like: the dangers of totalitarianism, physical control, psychological manipulation, manipulation of information and history, and technology. Through the themes in 1984, George Orwell demonstrates that a dystopian society created by totalitarian rule can infiltrate the minds of its citizens through various mediums. The famous novel falls intoRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19841138 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell’s â€Å"1984† perfectly captures a potential dystopia that would occur to the human race if a totalitarian government was present. As a result of this, Orwell identifies the purpose of the novel: to warn people what could possibly happen if they were not careful. A totalitarian government is similar to a dictatorship and demands complete obedience. Orwell focused on what type of plot would be most beneficial, how the plot would impact the audience, and how the subplot builds on a conflictRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19842185 Words   |  9 PagesLiterary Analysis The author of the novel 1984, George Orwell, is a political critic. Therefore, he used very precise descriptions of situations and words to provide the reader a clear understanding of the entity he is criticizing. 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Even currently, 1984 can be related to differentRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19842208 Words   |  9 PagesIn George Orwell’s 1984, the author utilizes Big Brother to showcase the immense power and influence the government has over its subordinates. The Party manipulates the people through inflicting fear, constant surveillance, and deprivation of knowledge, in order to oppress them from having incorrect ideas or behaviors that are not permitted in society. They are expected to live as respectful Party members, forcefully having to dedicate their lives to serving Big Brother. There are a plethora of charactersRead MoreThe 1984 Adaptation Of George Orwells 19842072 Words   |  9 PagesCensorship in 1984 In the 1984 adaptation of George Orwell’s classic, Nineteen Eighty-Four, the director, Michael Radford, plays on the ideas of censorship and control of all citizens. 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In the novel 1984 by Orwell, an extremely controlling totalitarian government called The Party, rules the society. They have introduced Telescreens which monitorRead MoreSymbolism In George Orwells 19841349 Words   |  6 Pages Symbolism in 1984 Literary concepts are often used in books to make the reading experience more enjoyable. In George Orwell’s 1984, Orwell uses a key literary element, symbolism, to do this. Orwell does this in a unique way. He makes the reader want to think one way, when the reality is far different. This causes the reader to be surprised when the truth of the matter is revealed. He is able to do this by having certain objects represent one thing, and then later reveal it is something far differentRead MoreTotalitarianism In George Orwells 19841028 Words   |  5 PagesTotalitarianism Used in 1984 A dystopia is a society which is characterized by misery, oppression, and unhappiness. Likewise, a totalitarian government neither allow parties to have different opinions nor freedom with a centralized government, therefore totalitarianism and dystopian societies are similar. In 1984, written by George Orwell, Big Brother is a dictator who gives the Oceanian population no personal freedoms and strictly dominates all of the country for their own selfish ways. Unlike Oceania

Essay on Working Women, the Government, and Politics

Working Women, the Government, and Politics Working women in America are in a difficult and complex state. Women in the workforce are encouraged to compete like men, which conflicts with the demand for their time during the second shift. Complete dedication is expected both in the workplace and in the home, and little support is provided by the opposite sex and the government. If the government acquired a larger responsibility for working families, it could implement several policies that have already proven to alleviate the burden on working women and promote gender equality in other industrialized nations. In recent decades, there has been a visible influx of women in the workforce-many of whom are also mothers. In 1975,†¦show more content†¦This can explain why women, compared to their husbands, are more tired and get sick more often (Hochschild, 4). The heaviest burden falls on working mothers, since their second shift includes not only housework but also taking care of the children. Our society still celebrates the role of a mother as the primary care-giver. This conviction that women are responsible for childrens welfare has become an obstacle for working mothers and gender equity as a whole. The government can have a supportive role in this dilemma, but instead it leaves child care concerns up to the parents- which subsequently falls on the mothers. The assumption that the work-family balance is an individual and private problem undercuts any serious efforts of institutional change (Blair-Loy, 197). Without government aid and adequate financial resource to purchase private child care services, many working mothers are pressured to leave the workforce in order to fulfill their domestic duties. Feminists concerned with the family have concluded that persistent gender inequality in the labor market is both cause and consequence of womens disproportionate assumption of unpaid work in the home (Gornick, 3). In order for the government to take a more active role, there needs to be a change in how American culture views children. As long as children are a private concern, there is noShow MoreRelatedWomen Of The New Zealand Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesWomen make up 51% of the New Zealand population, however, women in New Zealand parliament only make up just over 30% in parliament (2014). For women to be represented in parliament, it means that women need to be seen as a ‘norm’ in government, and therefore all positions of power. This under-representation can be linked to factors such as the environment and the culture of the New Zealand parliament and political parties. 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Disadvantages of Decentralisation free essay sample

The success of decentralization will depend upon the quality of personnel manning the decentralized units. In those cases where the training, experience, education etc of the employees are inadequate, decentralisation of authority and of decision making would be harmful for the enterprise. There will be wrong decisions, confusion, contradictions etc. (2) Decentralisation becomes uneconomic and unwieldy unless the organisation is large and strong enough at the top to cope with a decentralised structure. Particularly for a small organisation decentralisation is not at all desirable because it would be easier and more economical to administer the enterprise on a centralized basis. (3) When an organisation expands through internal growth, decentralisation is not necessary and may be harmful. Unlike external expansion, in this situation no desire for absolute autonomy pre-exists. (4) In situations of emergency or trouble, decentralised administration is ineffective. It is costly and time consuming to control an emergency situation which affects a vital business area under a decentralised plan. Such decisions have to be taken at the top, and excessive decentralisation may lead to too much of consideration and delay before the problem is brought to the attention of the central or top authority. (5) In the absence of adequate information, decentralised administration tends to become weak. Decentralised decision making depends upon the quick availability of information pertaining not only to the particular decentralised unit but also to the other related activities and unit. In the absence of this ancillary information decisions will lack coordination and unity amongst the different organizational units. 6) If it is not possible to break up the business suitably into profit centers or investment centers, then decentralisation may result in inadequate appraisal and control. In conclusion we may quote H. A. Simon, that some measure of centralisation is indispensable to secure the advantages of organisation, coordination, expertise and responsibility. On the other hand, the costs of centralisation must not be forgotten. Decentralization in Organizations: Learning Objectives: 1. Define and explain the term decentralization. 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of decentralization in business organizations? 3. What are business segments? 4. Define and explain cost, profit, and investment centers. Definition and Explanation of Decentralization A decentralized organization is one in which decision making is not confined to a few top executives but rather is throughout the organization, with managers at various levels making key operating decisions relating to their sphere of responsibility. Decentralization is a matter of degree, since all organizations are decentralized to some extent out of necessity. At one extreme, a strongly decentralized organization is one in which even the lowest-level managers and employees are empowered to make decisions. At the other extreme, in a strongly decentralized organization, lower-level managers have little freedom to make decisions. Although most organizations fall somewhere between these two extremes, there is a pronounced trend toward more and more decentralization. Advantages/Benefits of Decentralization: Decentralization has many advantages/benefits, including: 1. Top management is relieved of much day-to-day problem solving and is left free to concentrate on strategy, on higher level decision making, and coordinating activities. 2. Decentralization provides lower level managers with vital experience in making decisions. Without such experience, they would be ill-prepared to make decisions when they are promoted into higher level positions. 3. Added responsibility and decision making authority often result in increased job satisfaction. Responsibility and the authority, that goes with it makes the job more interesting and provides greater incentives for people to put out their best efforts. 4. Lower level managers generally have more detailed and up to date information about local conditions than top managers. Therefore the decisions of lower level management are often based on better information. 5. It is difficult to evaluate a managers performance if the manager is not given much latitude in what he or she can do. Disadvantages of Decentralization: Decentralization has four major disadvantages: 1. Lower level managers may make decisions without fully understanding the big picture. While top level managers typically have less detailed information about local operations than the lower level managers, they usually have more information about the company as a whole and should have a better understanding of the companys strategy. 2. In a truly decentralized organization, there may be a lack of coordination among autonomous managers. This problem can be reduced by clearly defining the companys strategy and communicating it effectively throughout the organization. 3. Lower-level managers may have objectives that are different from the objectives of the entire organization. For example, some managers may be more interested in increasing the sizes of their departments than in increasing the profits of the company. To some degree, this problem can be overcome by designing performance evaluation system that motivate managers to make decisions that are in the best interests of the organization. 4. In a strongly decentralized organization, it may be more difficult to effectively spread innovative ideas. Someone in one part of the organization may have a traffic idea that would benefit other parts of the organizations, but without strong central direction the idea may not be shared with, and adopted by other parts of the organization Read more at http://www. accounting4management. com/decentralized_organizations. htm#kX2TyKXfLDTQ2pML. 99 Decentralization: Inspecting the Tradeoffs Decentralization generally comes into account to accouterment the disadvantages of centralization. Although a decentralized command anatomy does advice to affected the cons of absolute administration such as abridgement of buying and authority, as you go bottomward the hierarchical alignment structure, it has its own different set of pros and cons. Let us analyze these claim and demerits of decentralization and put into angle the tradeoffs complex back adopting this administration concept. Advantages of Decentralization * The top administration and promoters of the close accept broadcast the controlling ascendancy and are therefore, larboard with added time to accompany the action for acumen the organizations abiding vision. Day-to-day botheration analytic is no best the better affair for the higher-ups. * Operational ability makes it easier for the alignment to abound overall. Activities such as franchising, about-face and hiring of advisers at the authoritative levels do not charge connected action from the top management. Consequently, amplification becomes easier, adopting basic and inducting added workforce become beneath time-consuming. Decentralization abundantly allowances huge organizations advance over several thousand advisers and geographic locations. Increased controlling ability anon translates into greater accountability. Bounded managers and alike added advisers added bottomward the accumulated ladder are motivated to booty buying of their work. Leadership qualities acquisition announcement alfresco the boardroom aural the silos and cubicles as well. The all-embracing atmosphere tends to addition agent assurance arch to greater job achievement than the austere borders of a centralized set up. Grooming approaching leaders is additionally abundant easier in such an atmosphere. Theres no best aloof one centermost of arete in the alignment but several pockets of arete abounding of accomplished bodies advance out beyond the organization. Ascendancy is delegated at the bounded level, which agency decisions are added abreast and accelerated admitting not consistently strategic. * Decentralized ability agency greater accuracy which in about-face ensures that beneath mistakes are made. A accommodation is usually a autonomous and participative aftereffect and if theres a fail up in progress, affairs are abundant that addition will atom it. While theres buying of success, decentralized ascendancy additionally ensures that there are beneath scapegoats. A aberration cannot be mapped to one distinct being (this can be a bankrupt beneath some added circumstances). * Perhaps, one of the best able outcomes of decentralization is the achievability of accessible innovation. With aptitude advance out beyond all levels and locations and the consistent networking possibilities, ablaze minds get calm with ideas, arch to addition rapidly. There are no authoritative bottlenecks or hindrances to barter of ideas. In a decentralized setup, it becomes accessible to atom the anemic links that are consistently affecting the basal lines. Therefore, it becomes easier to bung the leaks in time and accomplish abiding that the acquaint abstruse are finer conveyed to all added subunits aural the organization. * The acceptance of authoritative standards and best practices is additionally facilitated by a decentralized setup. Accuracy in action en sures that it is accessible for the assorted bounded teams to challenge and accept the methods and processes that brought success to a aggregation amid elsewhere. One of the above advantages of decentralized way of demography decisions is witnessed during a abrupt change in the bounded business ambiance such as the access of recession or bill devaluation, etc. Businesses are able to acknowledge and acclimate bound to these changes back ascendancy is decentralized. * Retail businesses like Walmart and auberge chains generally account from accepting a decentralized appearance of management. Businesses, area quick decisions amidst fast-paced changes in ambiance are the adjustment of the day, angle to account from decentralization. Disadvantages of Decentralization * Too abundant accent on localized way of demography decisions may end up abashing the bigger picture. As you go bottomward the accumulated ladder, advisers assume to lose afterimage of the authoritative vision. * A awful decentralized alignment can be the battlefield for ailing antagonism amid bounded managers arch to abridgement of co-operation and coordination. As a result, commutual functions may ache and absolute interdepartmental conflicts is difficult back ascendancy has been delegated. In addition, there is cher duplication of assignment (activities, processes and outcomes) that may appulse abridgement of scale. * Decentralization is not consistently a acceptable action to activate with, abnormally back the alignment is still to acquisition its basement in the market. Pushing decisions bottomward the bureaucracy after assessing if those levels in actuality accept the appropriate abilities and capabilities, is a aberration that could prove to be costly. * While decentralization promotes the advance of standards and best practices, altered managers apperceive them differently. Therefore, accomplishing of compatible organization-wide constant behavior becomes problematic. In case of emergencies that crave acceptance of organization-wide standards, the circulation of ascendancy and absolute opinions and accomplishments affectation a above hindrance. * Decentralization generally gives acceleration to an agent citizenry composed mainly of generalists and actual few specialists. External specialist consultants generally charge to be approved back the charge arises, added abacus to the costs. Assignment allocation and achievement appraisal are not constant in a acerb decentralized establishment. A subunit that is a amount centermost ends up accepting a raw deal, admitting acquirement breeding units acquire the allowances of a acceptable achievement by their subunit. It is difficult to admeasurement the achievement of amount centers and the associated advisers as they do not accomplish profits. * Businesses like fast aliment chains such as McDonalds area speciali zation is important and bendability in account is vital, angle to account from a added centralized assignment culture Source: http://www. shvoong. com/business-management/business-ideas-and-opportunities/2263925-advantages-disadvantages-decentralization/#ixzz2Oc5y6AfP Advantages of Decentralization The top management and promoters of the firm have distributed the decision-making authority and are therefore, left with more time to pursue the strategy for realizing the organizations long-term vision. Day-to-day problem solving is no longer the biggest concern for the higher-ups. Operational independence makes it easier for the organization to grow overall. Activities such as franchising, diversification and hiring of employees at the departmental levels do not need constant intervention from the top management. Consequently, expansion becomes easier, raising capital and inducting additional workforce become less time-consuming. Decentralization greatly benefits huge organizations spread over several thousand employees and geographic locations. Increased decision-making power directly translates into greater accountability. Local managers and even other employees further down the corporate ladder are motivated to take ownership of their work. Leadership qualities find expression outside the boardroom within the silos and cubicles as well. The overall atmosphere tends to boost employee morale leading to greater job satisfaction than the strict confines of a centralized setup. Grooming future leaders is also much easier in such an atmosphere. Theres no longer just one center of excellence in the organization but several pockets of excellence full of talented people spread out across the organization. Authority is delegated at the local level, which means decisions are more informed and accelerated though not always strategic. Decentralized power means greater transparency which in turn ensures that fewer mistakes are made. A decision is usually a democratic and participative outcome and if theres a goof up in progress, chances are great that someone will spot it. While theres ownership of success, decentralized authority also ensures that there are fewer scapegoats. A mistake cannot be mapped to one single person (this can be a demerit under some other circumstances). Perhaps, one of the most powerful outcomes of decentralization is the possibility of open innovation. With talent spread out across all levels and locations and the resulting networking possibilities, bright minds get together with ideas, leading to innovation rapidly. There are no bureaucratic bottlenecks or hindrances to exchange of ideas. In a decentralized setup, it becomes easy to spot the weak links that are consistently affecting the bottom lines. Therefore, it becomes easier to plug the leaks in time and make sure that the lessons learned are effectively conveyed to all other subunits within the organization. The adoption of organizational standards and best practices is also facilitated by a decentralized setup. Transparency in process ensures that it is easy for the various local teams to emulate and adopt the methods and processes that brought success to a team located elsewhere. One of the major advantages of decentralized way of taking decisions is witnessed during a sudden change in the local business environment such as the onset of recession or currency devaluation, etc. Businesses are able to respond and adapt quickly to these changes when authority is decentralized. Retail businesses like Walmart and hotel chains often benefit from having a decentralized style of management. Businesses, where quick decisions amidst fast-paced changes in environment are the order of the day, stand to benefit from decentralization. Disadvantages of Decentralization Too much emphasis on localized way of taking decisions may end up blurring the bigger picture. As you go down the corporate ladder, employees seem to lose sight of the organizational vision. A highly decentralized organization can be the battleground for unhealthy competition between local managers leading to lack of co-operation and coordination. As a result, interdependent functions may suffer and resolving interdepartmental onflicts is difficult when authority has been delegated. In addition, there is costly duplication of work (activities, processes and outcomes) that may impact economy of scale. Decentralization is not always a good strategy to begin with, especially when the organization is still to find its footing in the market. Pushing decisions down the hierarchy without assessing if those levels in fa ct have the required skills and capabilities, is a mistake that could prove to be costly. While decentralization promotes the spread of standards and best practices, different managers perceive them differently. Therefore, implementation of uniform organization-wide consistent policies becomes problematic. In case of emergencies that require adoption of organization-wide standards, the diffusion of authority and independent opinions and actions pose a major hindrance. Decentralization often gives rise to an employee population composed mainly of generalists and very few specialists. External specialist consultants often need to be sought when the need arises, further adding to the costs. Work allocation and performance evaluation are not consistent in a strongly decentralized establishment. A subunit that is a cost center ends up getting a raw deal, whereas revenue generating units reap the benefits of a good performance by their subunit. It is difficult to measure the performance of cost centers and the associated employees as they do not generate profits. Businesses like fast food chains such as McDonalds where specialization is important and consistency in service is vital, stand to benefit from a more centralized work culture. We have seen both the advantages and disadvantages of decentralization that hopefully makes clear what the tradeoffs could be in adopting this concept in an organization. However, most disadvantages of decentralization can be overcome by controlling the degree of authority delegated to the lower levels of the organization. Both centralization and decentralization have their extremes which is why, the key is to avoid those extremes and take the middle road. A combination of both concepts and a conscious deviation from the autocratic management style is recommended as a plausible strategy. Striking a balance between how much independence is given to individual business units and what kind of decisions remain under the central command could lead to a successful strategy. By Preeti Sunil Published: 2/13/2012

Intentional Criminal Liability Management

Question: Discuss about the Intentional Criminal Liability Management. Answer: Under Irish law Assault will attract criminal liability one actually inflicts harm on another person through the application of force. Pursuant to section 2 of Non-Fatal Offences against the Person Act (1997) an assault has been defined as an intentional or a reckless act where one applies force which causes an impact on another persons body. The bodily impact that has been caused must either be caused directly or indirectly. The second limb of the assault definition suggests that one will also be guilt of the offence of assault if he causes someone to reasonably believe that he will he likely to make an impact on the body of the other person using force. It bears noting that the expectation of the force must be immediate. For criminal liability to attach only one limb must be satisfied. Further under section 3(1) of the Non-Fatal Offences against the Person Act (1997) a person will be held to be criminally liable for an assault that eventually caused harm to the other individual. It is instructive to note that if the person uses force but does not necessarily cause harm they will be liable to pay a fine which shall not exceed 1500 pounds or serve a term in imprisonment which shall not exceed 6 months or may be subjected to both fine and imprisonment (S 2(4) Non-Fatal Offences against the Person Act, 1997)). If the assault caused harm the person will be criminally liable upon summary conviction to an imprisonment term which shall not exceed 12 months or a fine which shall not go beyond 1500 pounds or both (S 3(2b) Non-Fatal Offences against the Person Act 1997). Upon conviction the person will be liable to a imprisonment term of not more than 5 years. It is worth noting that the actus reus and mens rea element of a crime must be present to prove a crime of assault. The mens rea must be a general intent. In the case in point Michael punched Sean and therefore he has applied force directly against another person. In R v Thomas (1985) it was held that the degree of force used against the other person is immaterial. If the civil action is brought first the claimant must prove there was apprehension of an imminent attack on him (Dullaghan v Hillen, 1957). The defendant must have had the intention to cause the harm on the claimant. It is not necessary to show that there was contact or injured was suffered in a civil action for assault. The claimant must only show that he had reasonable grounds to believe that the attack was imminent (Thomas v National Union of Mineworkers, 1985).On the other hand, it may be easier for Sean to pursue a civil action against Michael if he is held guilty of the crime of assault. The causal link between the act and the harm caused will have already been determined by the criminal court. In criminal law the main goal is usually to punish the accused and the remedy is imprisonment or a fine. However, the chief goal of civil law is to put the claimant in the position they were in before the civil wrong had occurred. This is usually done by way of compensation. Sean can th erefore claim special damages in the civil court and this will be awarded based on the economic losses or expenses that he incurred. Therefore, Sean can claim to be compensated fro the medical expenses and the loss of income that due to the fact that the injury caused him not to attend his daily job where he is self employed. It is imperative to note that even though the court may declare that the defendant, Michael is entitled to pay the compensation most civil cases that are conducted immediately after a criminal conviction, defendants argue they are not able to pay the compensation. It may be advisable to only pursue a civil action for compensation although in this case the police had already taken the matter up for investigation and therefore a criminal case was bound to occur. It should be borne in mind that the burden of prof in a criminal case rests on the prosecution and not the complainant. However this is just the general rule but pursuant to section 29(2) of the Misuse of Drugs Act (1977) where the accused has been found in possession of a drug, the burden of prof shifts to the defense (People (DPP) v. Byrne, 1998). In the case Sean, the prosecution will have the burden of proofing that the accused Michael is guilty of the act. The standard of proof that shall be applied in the criminal case by the prosecution is thus one which is beyond reasonable doubt. In the People (AG) v. Byrne (1974) the court affirmed that in a criminal case the jury must come to a conclusion after the case has ben proven beyond reasonable doubt. However, the accused should be aware that he has been accorded the benefit doubt depending ion the evidence that is adduce in court. In a civil case the burden of proof rests on the plaintiff to show that he apprehended an imminent at tack. The claimant has the burden of proving that the defendant had the intention to commit the act. The defendants duty will be merely that of defense and not a burden of proof in the strict sense. The burden of prof in this case cannot shift to the defendant. However, in a civil case the standard of proof is on a balance of probabilities. It will be the duty of Sean to prove that ion a balance of probability Michael committed the civil wrong and that he suffered harm therefore he is entitled to compensation. All in all it may be conceded that Sean has a stronger criminal case although he has to pursue a civil action for compensation due the medical expenses he may have incurred and the loss of income that was caused by the injury which made him stay at home References R v Thomas (1985) 81 Cr. App. R. 331 Dullaghan v Hillen [1957] IR Jur Rep 10. Thomas v National Union of Mineworkers [1985] 2 All ER The People (Director of Public Prosecutions) v. Byrne [1998] 2 I.R. 417 The People (Attorney General) v Byrne[1974] IR 1 Misuse of Drugs Act (1977) Thomas v National Union of Mineworkers [1985] 2 All ER 1 Dullaghan v. Hillen [1957] IR Jur Rep 10. [35]. Non-Fatal Offences against the Person (1997 Act)

Parcc Essay Student Samples Grade Ideas

Parcc Essay Student Samples Grade IdeasIt is a fact that when students are studying the English literature in high school, they need to have access to popular high school student samples to help them to obtain good grades. For any student that wants to be successful and go to college or university, it is a must that they use the materials to write their essay.This is so because every student should write an essay. There is no point in reading a good book if you do not have the knowledge of how to write. You need to master this skill before you can begin to work on your assignments.There are various students samples that are available online. These student samples consist of essays and some essay questions. It is a good way for students to get into a good mood, to relax and to get their mind off the hard times that they are going through. By working with these student samples, students are able to get them thinking and writing something well.Most of the websites that provide student s amples also offer free versions. The writers can look at the works and try them out. Most of these essays contain creative and interesting topics that will definitely catch the attention of the reader.It is important for students to write an essay. They need to show how they read a book or the latest newspaper article. They need to show the readers how they analyze the events and decisions of the world.Essays are the first step in the process of preparing for exams. The essays are basically their way of studying and determining the answers for their exams.Writing essays is a process that takes a lot of time. Students are advised to write essays as soon as possible.There are lots of time constraints when preparing for examinations.If you are struggling to write essays and want to study the techniques of writing, then check out an online writing course. They will help you overcome the many issues that you are facing in writing an essay.

5 Things We Wish Wed Been Told When Starting College

5 Things We Wish Wed Been Told When Starting College 5 Things We Wish We’d Been Told When Starting College Starting college can be tough. You’ve got new ideas to wrestle with, new friends to make, and you have to get used to looking after yourself. Here are 5 things we wish someone had told us when we first started college. 1) Don’t Buy Books! You might have been told to go out and buy all the books on your reading list, but this isnt usually necessary. Any college library worth its salt will have plenty of the required books. Just make sure you get there before the other students snap them up! And if you get really stuck, you can always get cheap hand-me-downs from last years students. 2) Choose One Club It’s really easy to get sucked into signing up for 10 clubs in the first week at college. Sure, archery, salsa dancing, the Russian food club and white water rafting all sound great, but will you really have the time? Better to wait a few months before buying any expensive equipment to make sure you are really committed, rather than spending loads of money on a wetsuit and sailing shoes in your first week only to use them about four times. 3) Start Writing Your Papers Early It’s so tempting to put off writing a paper until a week before it is due. However, you’ll save yourself a lot of stress and time if you start writing as soon as the title is set. If you get into the habit now, you’ll be an expert when you get into your final year. 4) Save the Introduction until Last Another great writing tip is, once youve planned your paper, to skip writing the introduction until last. This will help you help you write a really strong opening, since youll have a much better sense of what the paper is about. 5) Take it Easy on the Drink College is a time for partying, sure, but you will find that relentless drinking will take its toll sooner than you think. There’s so much to get used to in your first year of college, so it’ll be a hell of a lot easier without a constant hangover! Try alternating alcoholic drinks with soft drinks and having a few alcohol-free nights a week. It’ll help you stay emotionally balanced and make life much easier!

Ethics, No Secrets Policy and Counselor Values Essay Example

Ethics, No Secrets Policy and Counselor Values Essay Example Ethics, No Secrets Policy and Counselor Values Essay Ethics, No Secrets Policy and Counselor Values Essay Bullet Point Responses Julie Sanders * I believe it is unethical for the counselor to reveal anything said in individual counseling with the husband. She didn’t address a â€Å"no secrets† policy in the informed consent. Sharing this information with the wife without his permission is unethical. In marriage counseling the â€Å"no secrets† policy needs to be addressed and explained in the informed consent. Since she did not have a policy concerning this, she is bound by confidentiality which should have been in her informed consent. It is not the job of the counselor to instill his/her values onto a client. The counselor shold try to remain as neutral as possible. Even if the husband feels the extra-marital relationship is enhancing the marriage, his wife still doesn’t know about it, and he seems to be the only one benefitting from the affair. The counselor should remain as neutral as possible when discussing this with the husband and encourage him to brin g this up in a conjoint session. It is not the therapist’s decision to make since she did not have a â€Å"no â€Å"secrets policy in place. I don’t think the therapist should â€Å"persuade† the husband to give up the affair or bring it up in joint counseling. In my opinion that is still imposing her values on the client. With that said, I do think, in a sense, that the therapist is colluding with the husband. However, she is responsible for the situation by not clearly stating confidentiality and â€Å"no secrets† in her informed consent. * According to Corey (p. 98) counselors should have a process of self-examination to discover their own biases, beliefs and values. I think it is unethical to refer a client because of a therapist’s personal beliefs. Saying that, if the counselor has strongly held beliefs and values, they should be addressed in the informed consent and explained to client’s before the counseling process begins. This would give the counselor basis for referral. Since the counselor is bound by confidentiality, she cannot tell the wife of the husband’s affair, but if the counselor addressed value’s bias in the informed consent, she can offer that as a reason for referral. It is not the counselor’s job, nor is it ethical for the counselor to inform the wife of the affair. * I don’t believe it is in the best interest of the original client (the husband) for the counselor to offer marriage counseling to the couple. The scenario does not address the training of the counselor in this field. If I were the counselor, I would continue to see the husband, dealing with his issues and refer the couple to a marriage counselor. Assignment Questions Julie Sanders ii) I want you to read over the informed consent and make sure you both understand the guidelines we will be operating from. There are several important sections that I would like you both to understand before signing the form. I’ll be happy to discuss and answer any questions regarding these areas. In the beginning of the consent for is a section I would like to bring your attention the purpose of therapy, procedures, the possibility of a negative outcome, possible benefits, fee structures, your rights and responsibilities and also either one of you can withdraw at any time (Corey, p. 474). I have a â€Å"no secrets† policy. Since you are here for couple’s counseling I feel you need to be open and honest with each other. If one of you shares a â€Å"secret† with me individually that I might feel necessary to share, I will decide if it needs to be shared with your spouse. iii) I will not share my values with you regarding marriage or extramarital affairs I don’t think it would be ethical because it could sway your decision making, and how I personally feel about an issue is not the problem being addressed. For your best interests, I feel it is best that I remain as neutral as possible. v) In the beginning of the counseling process along with informed consent I would address the issue of blindsiding a partner. The clients and I would address the issues involved in being honest as opposed to being â€Å"brutally† honest in a way that could cause harm. If after discussing the effects of an ambush, it happens anyway, I would ask the â€Å"ambushee† how that made them feel an d the ambusher the reasoning behind the â€Å"attack. † Hopefully this would encourage a rational, honest and meaningful dialogue between the two.

Lessons Learned from the Enron Scandal Term Paper

Lessons Learned from the Enron Scandal - Term Paper Example The bankruptcy of such a big organization is regarded as the greatest setback in American history. The dissolution of Enron was the result of its own false practices illegal dealings of projects and not showing their debts on their company’s accounts. (Project 2000_25_Corporate) It was regarded as the greatest failure in terms of audit. Enron was established in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after the merger of Houston Natural Gas and Inter North. This merger created the largest gas pipeline system in America. In the 1990’s Kenneth Lay took an initiative to sell the electricity at market prices and the resulting markets helped him to sell the electricity at higher rates as a result increasing their income. Enron not only delivered natural gas but also became a market middleman for energy and brought the buyers and sellers of energy on one platform. Enron in just 15 years reached such a position where it became America’s seventh biggest company which employed 21,000 employee s in more than forty countries. (Enron scandal-at-a-glance, 2002) Enron became dominant in the trading of energy contracts and financial instruments known as Derivatives. By 1992, Enron became the largest seller of natural gas in North America with earnings of $122 million. In the late 1990’s Enron was considered as the best in the world as it controlled twenty five percent of all electricity and natural gas contracts. In November 1999, Enron’s online website was established which helped the company to manage its contracts more efficiently. This website of the corporation in no time became the largest e-business site of the world. Enron also invested in physical facilities. Enron in the beginning was an insurance company. For further development of the company, Enron purchased a number of assets which included gas pipelines, electricity plants, water plants and broadband services all over the world. The company also incurred revenue by dealing in the same products and services in which it had been involved. The stock of Enron rose from the beginning of the 1990’s until 1998 by 311% which was a remarkable increase in the rate of growth. Apart from that Enron was rated as the most innovative corporation in America, in the survey of Fortune’s most Admired Companies. After many years Jeffery Skilling was hired who developed the idea of using such an accounting system which could hide debts in billions from the failed deals. Not only him but Andrew Fastow Chief Financial Officer and many other executives misguided the board of directors of the Enron company. The shareholders of the Enron Company lost 11$ billion which was as high as US$90 per share in the middle of 2000 but fell to less than 1$ at the end of Nov 2001.As a result of which the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission started to investigate the matter. The decline of Enron started when its investors became known of the â€Å"off balance sheet† partnerships that were h iding billions of dollars of debts. One of the deals with Blockbuster Inc. which was a video rental company to provide movies on the internet was also cancelled in March. Moreover the rival company Dynegy offered to purchase the company and the deal was finalized on December 2, 2001. The Enron Company finally filed for the bankruptcy of the company. In the U.S. history Enron was the largest corporate bankruptcy until WorldCom’s was declared bankrupt the next year. Moreover there were many executives who were blamed for a number of charges and were then sentenced to prison. Moreover, Arthur Andersen the auditor of the corporation